From each partition of data, one test case is needed. Equivalence class testingblack box software testing. Test case design with the help of equivalence partitioning technique has two steps. System testing, boundary value analysis, equivalence class partitioning.
Equivalence class partition is a type of software testing design technique which divides the input test data of the application into partitions with similar elements. Equivalence class partitioning in black box testing example and advantages. For example, number 121 is used from the class three digit numbers. Equivalence partitioning equivalence class partitioning. It can be used at any level of software for testing and is preferably a good technique to use first. Looking at the many more question about both equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis comment we decided to clear the write article on is it necessary to do both equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. In this technique, only one condition to be tested from each partition. In this method, classes of input conditions called equivalence classes are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur. Equivalence class partitioning example problem in software.
Equivalence partitioning ep is a method for testing software programs. Any data value within a class is equivalent in terms of testing. Therefore the main aim of equivalence partitioning is to prepare an effective test case which covers the total functionality of. What is a real life example for equivalence class testing.
Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence classes. Keywords software testing, unit testing, integration testing. The input domain can be anything which may influence the outcome of the test e. Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class. Equivalence class partitioning simplified software testing.
Equivalence partitioning test case design technique. What is equivalence partitioning in software testing. Equivalence partitioning equivalence class partitioning equivalence partitioning example. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once. We will differentiate below, between four different types of equivalence class testing ect.
It is a black box testing technique, which focusses mainly on the functionality of a software. Also known by the name of equivalence class partitioning, it is used to. A comparative analysis on equivalence class partitioning. It can be applied at any level of testing and is often a good technique to use first. X could be naturally identified with the set of all car colors let x be the set of all rectangles in a plane, and the equivalence relation has the same area as. One of the problems with equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis is that they are typically explained with simple examples like the one above, while in the real world these methods need to be applied in relation to every equivalence class of the reachable system states of the application that we are testing. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test. Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning explained with a simple example.
An advantage of this approach is it reduces the time required for performing testing of a software due to less number of test cases. Equivalence partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence partitioning is a technique of software testing in which input data is divided into partitions of valid and invalid values, and it is mandatory that all partitions must exhibit the same behavior. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of. Here,t he input values to a program are partitioned into equivalence classes. Blackbox technique that focuses on the boundaries of the input domain rather than its center. What is an equivalence partition also known as an equivalence class. Equivalence class partitioning is a specification based blackbox testing techniques. Purpose of equivalence partitioning in testing zyxware. The limitation entails the fact that you are not testing all the values in the class partition, which may or may not affect test results.
Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning both are test case design techniques in black box. Each class is called as equivalence partition because all the elements in an equivalence class test the. Equivalence class or equivalence partition is the act of dividing the given input set by a relation into groups or classes which is treated the same by the module or which should produce the same result. Equivalent class partitioning is very simple and is a very basic way to perform testing you divide the test data into the group and then has a representative for each group. Equivalence class testing technique examples software.
Partitioning is done such that the program behaves in a similar way to every input value belonging to an equivalence. Therefore you group the test item into class where all items in each class are suppose to behave exactly the same. Which describe first divide the class of inputs and then prepare the test cases. Equivalence partitioning ep is a specificationbased or blackbox technique. Equivalence partitioning is a test case design technique to divide the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning both are test case design techniques in black box testing. Hence selecting one input from each group to design the test cases. Equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique that applies to all levels of testing. In this technique, we analyze the behavior of the application with test data residing at the boundary values of the equivalence classes. In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the software or system are divided into groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior, so they are likely to be proposed in the same way. A shorter definition is that in this method the input domain data is divided into different equivalence data classes. In our earlier example instead of checking, one value for each partition you will check the values at the partitions like 0, 1, 10, 11 and so on. As you may observe, you test values at both valid and invalid boundaries.
All the data items lying in an equivalence class are assumed to be processed in the same way by the application when passed as input. Let s see in detailed and ask queries in the comment below for any unclear or open. Equivalence partitioning is a method for deriving test cases. So in the above example, we can divide our test cases into three equivalence classes of. Equivalence class testing, which is also known as equivalence class partitioning ecp and equivalence partitioning, is an important software testing technique used by the team of testers for grouping and partitioning of the test input data, which is then used for the purpose of testing the software product into a number of different classes. Equivalence portioning technique in black box testing. Equivalence partitioning equivalence class partitioning ecp. The different test cases must test the classes of the software continuously. Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning or ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning. The equivalence partitions are frequently derived from.
Define equivalence partitioning with examples what is equivalence partitioning. Equivalence class partitioning in software testing examples. Equivalence partitioning is a black box technique to identify test cases systematically and is often the first technique to be applied when designing test cases. This method is typically used to reduce the total number. The synonyms for the word are equal, same, identical etc. The key point in equivalence class testing is the choice of the equivalence relation that determines the classes.
Equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis. Equivalence class partitioning software testing class. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example. Equivalence partitioning multiple choice questions. Introduction software testing is a mechanism which helps us expose errors in a software and forms an important part of the software development process. Test cases are designed for equivalence data class. The values at the extremes startend values or lowerupper end. Definition of equivalence partitioning equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique basic test design technique that splits the input domain into classes of data. Most of us who dont know this still use it informally without even realizing it. Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. This testing involved testing only for one condition for every partition which is created.
In equivalence class partitioning, set of input data that defines different test conditions are partitioned into logically similar groups such that using even a. For each positive real number a there will be an equivalence. The word equivalence means the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function, etc. Boundary value analysis is another black box test design technique and it is used to find the errors at boundaries of input domain rather than finding those errors in the center of input. Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning both are test case design strategies in blackbox testing. If the equivalence classes are chosen wisely, the potential redundancy among test cases is greatly reduced. Each test case is representative of a respective class. Equivalence class testing black box software testing techniques the use of equivalence classes as the basis for functional testing and is appropriate in situations like. Equivalence class testing ec testing is when you have a number of test items e. The reason for this is that we consider that all conditions in one partition should be treated the same by the software. Assume that the application accepts an integer in the range 100 to 999 valid equivalence class partition. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence classes is one of the effective techniques among them. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique software. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived.
What is boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning with. It divides the input domain of a program into classes. If x is the set of all cars, and is the equivalence relation has the same color as, then one particular equivalence class consists of all green cars. In this technique, the data fed into the software to be tested is divided into partitions of equal sizes. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique. Because we assume that, all the conditions in one partition behave in the same manner by the software. Boundary value analysis in boundary value analysis, you test boundaries between equivalence partitions. Example on equivalence partitioning test case design technique.
977 1611 1592 1612 264 375 1644 1468 1398 1184 139 1142 649 302 955 726 918 950 507 873 494 1641 1608 342 545 615 1540 1555 681 425 921 953 1350 652 1407 739 778 639 482 1399 1220 440 1093 990